Company Profile Of The Hershey Company - 1237 Words

Introduction The Hershey Company, known until April 2005 as the Hershey Foods Corporation (and commonly called Hershey’s), is the largest chocolate manufacturer in North America. Its headquarters are in Hershey, PA. Founded in 1894, the company is 120 years old and enjoys the benefits associated with a mature business cycle; strong corporate culture, brand recognition, customer loyalty, etc. This paper analyzes the business in a number of ways to explain how Hershey’s has endured and some issues it overcame to remain a global leader in chocolate and sugar confectionery and an icon for its chocolate bar. Company Profile The Hershey Chocolate Company was founded by Milton S. Hershey in 1894, a subsidiary of his Lancaster Caramel Company. Principle product groups include chocolate and sugar confectionery products, gum and mint refreshment products, and pantry items such as baking ingredients, toppings and beverages. Their mission is â€Å"undisputed marketplace leadership† and their vision is â€Å"great people building great brands† (Chadna, A., 2012, p.1). The Hershey Company currently employs 21,000 people worldwide and holds 44.4% of the U.S. chocolate market. Products are sold in 60 countries under 80 brand names including Hershey’s, Reese’s, and Kisses. Additionally, Hershey maintains the right to manufacture and sell competitor’s products such as Kit-Kat bars through licensing agreements with foreign Nestle and the former Cadbury Schweppes, now a part of Kraft foods.Show MoreRelatedEssay on Acc 504965 Words   |  4 Pagesdownload in Doc S haring. The sample project compares the ratio performance of Tootsie Roll and Hershey using the 2012 financial statements of Tootsie Roll and Hershey provided at their websites. A sample project template is available for download in Doc Sharing. The sample project compares the ratio performance of Tootsie Roll and Hershey using the 2012 financial statements of Tootsie Roll and Hershey provided at their websites. Description This course contains a Course ProjectRead MoreMarketing Is Discovering And Satisfying Consumer Needs1116 Words   |  5 Pagesconsumers to like this product was its delicious taste and texture which made the Hershey’s Canada to re launch the product with an aggressive market strategy. Question #2 (6 Marks) Hershey’s Marketing manager thought it important not only to profile the target audience demographics, but also other segmentation variables. Explain why it is a good idea to consider consumer behaviour and lifestyle segmentation variables. 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The Political And Social Consequences Of Vietnam s...

Vietnam s Communist Party is now facing the political and social consequences of its decision to integrate the country with global capitalism. The Communist Party has been enforcing a campaign against what it considers â€Å"social evils† like prostitution and there is a strict new law to stop the exploitive adoption of Vietnamese babies by wealthy foreigners. Vietnam formally joined the World Trade Organization in 2007 and now has to change many of its laws and practices to comply with WTO rules. Vietnam’s official name is The Socialist Republic of Vietnam, and because of its socialist ideology, the government doesn’t recognize the private ownership of land. Although the Communist Party is still in power in Vietnam, appoints most†¦show more content†¦Because of the boom in the economy caused by the success of Doi Moi allowing international investment, the Communist Party itself has been required to support the return of tens of thousands of Vietnames e who had fled Vietnam during the Vietnam War era but who now want to return home as business owners and entrepreneurs. The government created an assistance committee called Viet Khieu for these returnees. Although the Communist Party distrusts the political views, wealth, and Western customs of these returnees and may see them as a threat, the goal is to create economic prosperity and their education and experience abroad has brought an economic benefit to the country. As part of its modernization plans, the Communist Party is improving Vietnam’s infrastructure enormously with the construction of modern freeways. It has planned a high-speed rail system between Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City to connect North to South. Vietnam is beginning the construction of a Vietnam-China road that will reduce the travel time to China to one day, compared to the previous trip of two or three days. Not only will transportation along this road increase the supply of Vietnam’s exports to China, China’s exports will have a faster, easier route into the global market through Vietnam’s seaports than through the current shipping ports in China. Despite Vietnam’s efforts since the 1950s to become an industrialized nation, it’s still an agricultural economy and most of its citizens are

Electro Magnetic Feilds Essay Research Paper Technology free essay sample

Electro Magnetic Feilds Essay, Research Paper Technology and the person: How Electro- Magnetic William claude dukenfields Affect our lives Electricity is the edifice block of our society. Now more and more we are going dependant on electricity from computing machines to microwaves, electric power is what keeps our society running. Something that no 1 thinks about is Electro- Magnetic William claude dukenfields or ( ELF? s ) . While these Elfs are being ignored easy they are going a soundless but deathly slayer in our society. Scene malignant neoplastic disease and unwellness are going so common people are easy coming about about what ELF? s are and what if anything can be done to halt or decelerate down the effects of ELF? s on our households and friends. Their maybe merely few solutions to halt ELF? s infiltration on our society and merely one or two options were found to decelerate the Fieldss so they don? T affect our wellness. ? In 1995 leaked a bill of exchange study by American Scientific commission conducted that 1000000s of people face an increased hazard of malignant neoplastic disease and other degenerative diseases from exposure to Fieldss from power lines, power workss and electrical appliances. ? ( Perry 1 ) With that quotation mark we can see that this International Relations and Security Network? t a new issue to our society, but yet more people are clueless about the consequence of electro- magnetic Fieldss on their wellness and about the wellness of their kids. The most common reaction of people when warned about ELF? s is that? we live far plenty from the power lines that it isn? T traveling to impact us. ? This reaction is so common, but people don? t realize that it? s non merely caused by power lines and power workss it? s besides indoors our places. The most common things in our places are secondary causes non the power lines. Items such as microwaves, computing machine screens, wassailers, electric ranges, liquidizers and cellular telephones. With these things in our places are going so common that everyone has them and it impacting our lives. ? In the last 10 old ages the rate of malignant neoplastic disease is going the most common cause of death. ? ( Perry 1 ) Though sunshine? s Ultra Violet Rays ( UV? s ) take the top topographic point for doing malignant neoplastic disease ELF? s are attributed to 35 % to 40 % of childhood malignant neoplastic diseases and 10 % to 15 % of grownup malignant neoplastic disease. Electric companies have a common reaction to these cases by denial. As we are going more dependent on electricity, power transmittals are come ining our lives in greater strength. The power companies solution to the power demands is to increase the sum of high-voltage power lines. The ground for high-voltage lines is? over great distances high-potential lines must be used in order to minimise losingss, but in those losingss it? s doing an increasing sum of malignant neoplastic diseases and illness due to the usage of these high-potential lines. ? ( Plaz 229 ) This merely shows the ignorance of the consumers ant greed of the power companies for non accepting the duty of protecting the people. In the illness mentioned in the old paragraph, what its called is? electrical sensitiveness ( ES ) . ? ? ES is a signifier of chronic environmental unwellness triggered by exposure to ELF? s. ? ( Perry 2 ) The symptoms are common among to yearss unwellnesss, but are or could be caused by ELF? s. They are? concerns, giddiness, buzzing and nausea. ? ( Perry 2 ) Everyone suffers from these complaints and if people you know suffer from these things, a expression should be taken at their life infinite particularly in kids. Common countries that can be blamed is the kitchen due to all the contraptions and the sleeping rooms near power lines or power workss. Though their are steps that can be taken to diminish these unwellnesss, but people are non informed to ELF? s so no steps are taken. Children and pregnane adult females are the major concern for ELF? s. The ground that kids are susceptible to ELF? s are their immune systems are non to the full evolved and therefore their white blood cells are non at full composed. Not holding a to the full developed immune system leaves them open for the increased hazard of malignant neoplastic disease and ES. This was proven in a survey done by the New York public-service corporation industry of power lines. ? This a five million dollar undertaking headed by Dr. David Carpenter of SUNY Albany concluded that up to 30 % of all childhood malignant neoplastic diseases may be linked to ELF? s? ( Safe 1 ) In pregnane adult females another survey done by independent lab? s in the United States and Ontario Canada said that an? addition in instances of SIDS? ( Perry 1 ) and? incidents of inauspicious generative results and birth defects in neonates? ( Ontario 1 ) are associated with high cases of ELF milieus and in the places. With all this cogent evidence I? ve found it? s difficult to conceive of that no actions are being taken to cut down and halt these electro- magnetic Fieldss infiltration of our places and our quality of life. Trying to happen solutions to halting ELF? s infiltration on our places and lives was complicated, due to the power companies incompliance to protect us. The authorities of the United States, Canada and United Kingdom have provided a twosome of thoughts that can be done to protect yourself and your households. The first solution is to look at your populating countries. After you observed these countries make opinions to where you sleep, particularly with kids. Sleeping countries are chief thought for protection. Move or put your kids kiping country as far from the kitchen and countries of the house closest to power lines and power workss. Then grownups make certain your 4 pess from these countries. This is the ideal manner to get down in ways of protection. This solution International Relations and Security Network? t sap cogent evidence though. It? s merely decreases the opportunity of illness and malignant neoplastic disease. Another solution is the least likely to go on, but in some instances has worked. Talk on negotiate with the power companies to travel their lines as far from the house as possible. This still doesn? t wholly protect you from the radiation in the place, but it helps you opportunities to guard off ELF? s infiltration in your life. A 3rd solution is from the? office of Technology Assessments of the Congress of the United States? ( Safe 1 ) They recommend a policy of? prudent turning away? . ? What prudent turning away is ; to mensurate the Fieldss and act to cut down them? . ( Safe 1 ) A manner to mensurate these Fieldss is with a? Guass metre this metre shows you which topographic points in the place are safe and the topographic points that are not. ? ( Safe 1 ) Acting on the trial and traveling things consequently provides the best protection from ELF? s. The 4th solution is the most dearly-won and the least practical. The thought is to utilize air current or solar power to power your places. By utilizing these you can hold low-tension power lines to provide your contraptions and family objects. The defect is the cost and practicality of them. ? Using solar and wind power can used and transported with a low-tension lines and stored in houses by batteries, but the job is the low-tension lines cant travel the distance of high-voltage lines and hence most solar and wind power must be owned by the person to be useful. ? ( Plaz 231 ) The cost and the trust of the conditions makes these natural powers impractical and really expensive to have and to repair. In decision I have found that ELF? s exist in everyone? s lives and action should be taken to protect households. It should be known universe broad about the effects of ELF? s. Power companies in the close hereafter are traveling to hold to do public that ELF? s exist and that they are unsafe in some cases are doing malignant neoplastic disease and ES, but until the twenty-four hours that the authoritiess of the universe make the power companies comply all we can make is protect ourselves and warn other about the effects of ELF? s. Last here are a few simple things that we can make the protect ourselves from ELF? s. Sit at least 4 pess from computing machine screens, and do certain that we sleep 4 pess from any major family contraptions and kids? s sleeping rooms are farthest from power lines as possible. Plants Sited: DeWitt, John. Civic Enviromentalism: Options to Regulation in States and communities Washington, DC: Congressional Quartly Inc. 1994. Ontario Real Estate Association. ? Electro-Magnetic Feilds. ? Electro Print Aug.1998: p32 Plaz, Wolfgang. Solar electricity: an economic attack to solar energy. London: Butterworths. 1978. Perry, Stephen. Should we be Concerned? 1990. WWW.powerwatch.org.UK/.pg.1-3. Safe Technologies Corporation Staff. Why be concerned about electromagnetic feilds? 1989. WWW.milligauss.com/why.html. Pg 1. This is a paper on how electo-magnetic feilds affect our day-to-day lives and what the effects can be if exposed to them. Five scources six pages

Stevens Johnson Syndrome an Example of the Topic Personal Essays by

Stevens Johnson Syndrome by Expert Dr jack | 29 Nov 2016 Stevens-Johnson Syndrome (SJS) also called ectodermosis erosiva pluriorificialis, Johnson-Stevens syndrome, and erythema multiforme is a serious systemic allergy with a distinguishing rash with regard to the mucous membranes, skin, and the buccal mucosa. The diagnosis of SJS is normally made when the distinguishing rash appears one to three weeks following the exposure to an identified stimulus and it is unexplainable by other diagnosis. The syndrome is caused by an oversensitive reaction to one of several immunologic stimuli including infectious agents and drugs. Need essay sample on "Stevens Johnson Syndrome" topic? We will write a custom essay sample specifically for you Proceed The Case of Mr. Lee The treatment of Mr. Lee depends, to some extent, on an alleged unforeseen cause. Accordingly, taking the drug, like anticonvulsants, penicillin, or sulfa drugs, particularly phenytoin, should be discontinued. The most regularly prescribed drug for treatment of SJS is corticosteroids. Likewise, communicable agents such as Mycoplasma pneumoniae, or herpes simplex virus, should be appropriately treated. Fluid replacement is also essential, and thorough oral hygiene is necessary to avoid acute infection. Moreover, to avoid permanent eye damage, examination by an ophthalmologist is appropriate if Mr. Lee have eye lesions. Causes of Abnormal Laboratory Results People Usually Tell EssayLab professionals:I'm not in the mood to write my essay. Because I want to spend time with my friendsProfessional writers advise: Get Your Essay Before The DeadlineHelp Me Write An Essay Purchase An Essay Write My Paper For Me Reviews Paper Writing Service Some medicines can cause uncertainty in correct diagnosis and abnormal test results. Allergic reactions, carcinogenic, nephrotoxic, neurotoxic, hematologic toxic and cardiovascular toxic effects are some of the effects of medicines which causes abnormality in laboratory results (Dasgupta, 2003, p.1). Abnormal laboratory findings may consist of a mild leukocytosis, microscopic hematuria, mildly elevated liver enzyme levels, hypoalbuminemia, and elevated sedimentation rate. Accordingly, because of the abnormal laboratory results, any drug, especially the phenytoin taken by Mr. Lee, should be discontinued. Rationale for the Transfer to Burn Unit The development of the cutaneous lesions on Mr. Lee is comparable to second-degree burns, and their temporary treatment with cryopreserved allografts as may be carried out in a Burns Centre is also very much beneficial. Burns Units are recommendation centers for the treatment of patients suffering from considerable cutaneous loss, including the Stevens-Johnson Syndrome. Moreover, because of skin loss, Mr. Lee is susceptible of having a low body temperature (Drug Information Online, 2009). Accordingly, the nurse must always maintain the hospital room warm to keep Mr. Lee's body temperature normal. Potential Complications About 90 percent of minor SJS follow herpes simplex occurrences. Likewise, secondary skin infection, such as cellulitis, which is an acute infection of skin, can cause life-threatening complications, including sepsis, and meningitis or an infection of the fluid and membrane surrounding Mr. Lees spinal cord and brain. The rash caused by the syndrome can also initiate inflammation in Mr. Lee's eyes. In mild cases, this may cause dry eyes and irritation. If untreated, long-term complications may cause skin damage, organ failure, infections, dehydration and even death. However, the most common severe complications are keratitis or inflammation of the cornea, uveitis or inflammation of the uvea, and perforation of the globe of the eye, all of which may bring about permanent visual impairment (MedicineNet.com, 2005). Protective Precaution Basically, nurses have a high risk of work-related exposure due to unsafe practices. Nevertheless, most of these work-related transmissions can be reduced or prevented if "standard precaution," like the wearing of protective gown, mask, gloves, and cap are used. Likewise, vegetables, herbs, and flowers can cause skin irritation of some people. In particular, photo-dermatitis, allergic contact dermatitis, mechanical injury, and chemical irritation are some of the skin reactions caused by plants. For this reason, Mr. Lee should not be exposed to the flowers brought by his co-worker. Conclusion Taken as a whole, Stevens-Johnson Syndromes response to the administration of any drug may cause a potential risk of adverse events to Mr. Lee. Most dermatologic reactions are mild and quickly resolved after the discontinuation of the nonconforming drug and proper treatment. Accordingly, the syndrome is considered characteristically benign, self-limited disorder. Others, however, can develop into serious conditions. In these cases widespread mucosal is involved, and this more serious condition is potentially life threatening. In view of that, it is without a doubt that Stevens-Johnson syndrome is one of the most dangerous conditions that can be induced by an infectious agent and drug. References Dasgupta, A. (2003). Review of Abnormal Laboratory Test Results and Toxic Effects Due to Use of Herbal Medicines. American Journal of Clinical Pathology, 120, 1-7. Drug Information Online. (2009). Stevens-Johnson Syndrome. Retrieved June 4, 2009, from http://www.drugs.com/cg/stevens-johnson-syndrome-inpatient-care.html. MedicineNet.com. (2005, December 7). Definition of Stevens-Johnson syndrome. Retrieved June 5, 2009, from http://www.medterms.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=14086.

Fin 571 Week 5 Problem Set Essays

Fin 571 Week 5 Problem Set Essays Fin 571 Week 5 Problem Set Essay Fin 571 Week 5 Problem Set Essay Chap 17, Prob B1 A. Bixton’s objective is to achieve a credit standing that falls, in the words of the chief financial officer, â€Å"comfortably within the ‘A’ range. † What target range would you recommend for each of the three credit measures? To remain within the A range the following is recommended Fixed Charge Coverage 3. 00–4. 30 Funds From Operations/Total Debt 45%–65% Long-Term Debt/Capitalization 22%-32% So to be comfortably within the range A the company should try to maintain higher fixed coverage ratio (near to 4. ), higher Fund from operation/total debt ratio (near to 65%) and maintain a lower long-term debt to capitalization ratio (near to 22%). B. Before settling on these target ranges, what other factors should Bixton’s chief financial officer consider? Bixton CFO should take following into consideration Company ability to fully use non-interest tax credits (foreign tax credits) Issuance cost r elated to Debt and future fixed expense in form of interest payment irrespective of the level of income Company ability to raise debt from the market. Effect on Brand image or goodwill of the company on raising debt C. Before deciding whether the target ranges are really appropriate for Bixton in its current financial situation, what key issues specific to Bixton must the chief financial officer resolve? Before deciding whether the target ranges are really appropriate for Bixton in its current financial situation the CFO of Bixton Corporation should consider the existing amount of RD expenditure and foreign Tax credit. It is possible company may not be able to fully utilize the additional tax saving generated by taking additional debt when RD expenditure and foreign tax credit is taken into consideration. Chap 18, Prob A10 D1 = ADJ [POR(EPS1) – D0] + D0 D1 = 0. 75 [0. 25 x $8. 00 $1. 00] + $1. 00 = $1. 75 D2 = 0. 75 [0. 25 x $8. 00 $1. 75] + $1. 75 = $1. 94 D3 = 0. 75 [0. 25 x $8. 00 $1. 94] + $1. 94 = $1. 985 D4 = 0. 75 [0. 25 x $8. 00 $1. 98] + $1. 98 = $2. 00 D5 = 0. 75 [0. 25 x $8. 00 $2. 00] + $2. 00 = $2. 00 Chap 18, Prob B2 . Over the five-year period, what is the maximum overall payout ratio the firm could achieve without triggering a securities issue? Total discretionary cash flow = $50 + $70 + $60 + $20 + $15 = $215 Total earnings = $100 + $125 + $150 + $120 + $140 = $635 Maximum Payout Ratio = $215 / $635 = 33. 86% b. Recommend a reasonable dividend policy for paying out discretionary cash flow in years 1 through 5. Current dividend = $1. 50 x 20 million shares = $30 million The firm could increase the dividend from $30 million to $50 million. : D1 = $35 / 20 = $1. 75 D2 = $39 / 20 = $1. 95 D3 = $43 / 20 = $2. 15 D4 = $48 / 20 = $2. 40 D5 = $50 / 20 = $2. 50 $35 + $39 + $43 + $48 + $50 = $215, is the total discretionary cash flow and not a discretionary cash deficit. Chap 20 problem A1. 1. Interest Coverage Ratio = EBIT / Interest Expense = $70 million / $14 million = 5 5 4, Dallas Instruments is in compliance. 2. Tangible Assets / Long-Term Debt = $400 million / $175 million = 2. 29 2. 29 1. 5, Dallas Instruments is in compliance. 3. Cumulative Dividends and Share Repurchases = $40 million + $40 million = $80 million $80 million $200 million x 60%, Dallas Instruments is in compliance. Dallas Instruments meets all of the covenants and is therefore in compliance. Chap 21 Prob. A2. a. After-tax cost of secured debt = (1 0. 34) x 12% = 7. 92% NAL = $1,000 $300 / 1. 0792^1 $275 / 1. 0792^2 $250 / 1. 0792^3 $225 / 1. 0792^4 $200 / 1. 0792^5 NAL = $1,000 $277. 98 $236. 12 $198. 90 $165. 87 $136. 62 = -$15. 49 b. Allied Metals should borrow and buy.

A Story About Seeing MxPx essays

A Story About Seeing MxPx essays On November 13th I went to Tramps in New York to see one of my favorite bands, MxPx. MxPx is a Christian pop-punk band. Pop punk basically means happy punk. The band members, are Mike Herrera who plays bass and sings, Tom Wisniewski who plays guitar and Yuri Ruley plays drums. They played about 10 songs, all of which I knew. Some of their songs have to do with society problems through the eyes of a teenager. At the show, the first song they played was one of my favorite's, "Teenage Politics". Some of the lyrics to this song are, "No I'm not mad but I think they forget what it's like and how hard it is to be a teenager. This is a new day and age, we read a different book where Elvis ain't the rage and polyester ain't the look." "...Is it time again to disagree about anything, everything and what's on TV it's a vicious circle, never ending a linear equation worldly extending. No, I'll never be like you; I'll never be like you. Oh no! I'm just like you!" The second song they played was "I'm the Bad Guy". The first couple lines of state, "Legalistic people suck. Legalism makes me sick." Even though they openly bust on legalism, they also know the world has nothing to offer them but hurt and pain, while God is the only answer. Since they are a Christian punk band, of course they have to play religious songs. One really good song that they played there was "False Fiction". This song basically means that the world is going through such turmoil because we don't have Christ in our lives. "They guarantee our freedom but freedom isn't real unless you know Christ you wont know how I feel. Inflections of the way things were supposed to be the mental disorder of our society...maybe this world had stopped thinking maybe all their minds are shrinking you failed system is including chaos, it's chaos, it's your loss." In "Like sand through the hourglass...so are the days of our lives," they say, "My world is breaking down around me. I see m ...

Operations Management at Amazon Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 2

Operations Management at Amazon - Essay Example The preceding discussion confirms the findings in the literature relating to the new and complex challenges facing e-commerce plays like Amazon, especially with regard to how its radically different strategy of optimizing operations efficiencies to execute a volume strategy in the online retail space needs new ways of managing operations. These new ways need to impute the opportunities provided by new technologies, but at the same time be mindful of the pitfalls of relying on old ways of thinking in order to solve problems that are unique to Amazon (Rao 2011; Karmakar and Apte 2007). One can see that aspects of process design, are intertwined with inventory management concerns. This is the case for inventory management considerations for digital content, for example, as those relate to the relative ease of handling virtual inventory on the one hand and the opposing difficulty and complexity of managing physical inventories. Here aspects of operations relate to optimizing warehouses a nd processes for managing inventories from the supplier to the warehouses, as well as those aspects of inventory management relating to the handling of physical goods at the fulfillment centers at Amazon (Rao 2014). A recommendation is to continue to use Amazon Prime as the benchmark for efficiency and success of the execution of the inventory management processes at Amazon, owing to the high bar it has set for orders fulfillment and the cost of fulfilling orders of physical goods (Graham 2013; Onetto 2014).

College students need tax deductions - response to questionnaire Essay

College students need tax deductions - response to questionnaire - Essay Example Further, 7 (about 44%) of them stated that they do not work, i.e. they do not hold any sort of job, whereas 2 (about 12%) of them worked around 10 to 15 hours per week; 3 of them (about 19%) claimed that they worked 15 to 20 hours per week and the rest of them (about 25%) stated that they worked more than 20 hours per week. The findings show that a majority of the students does little to no work in the way of employment. When asked how many hours would suffice for them to afford college, about 19% said that they did not need work to afford college, and a similar percentage said that they had never thought about this question. Another 19% said that 20 hours per week would suffice, whereas 6% said that 15 hours and about 37% said that more than 20 hours per week would be sufficient. Around 44% of them stated that they had never thought about the tax rates for single college students, and an identical percentage stated that it is too high, only 2 (12%) thought that the current tax rate is reasonable. However, 100% of them would support a decrease in the current tax rate. Out of these, around 19%, about 12% and 50% wanted the tax rate to be reduced to 20 percent, 18 percent and 15 percent respectively, with about 6 percent stating that they did not want it changed. About 62% said that they found it hard to cope with their studies due to their work responsibilities whereas the other 48 or so percent did not have any such problems. When asked what problems they have had to face due to juggling work and studies together, the responses were quite varied: some of them simply stated that they do not work, whereas those who worked stated that their grades suffered, they were sleep deprived, had little to no social life, had professors who gave them extra work on weekends when they had to work most of the weekend, had a lack of concentration at both work and college as well as an unbalanced diet. In short there are

What is organizational structures Essay Example for Free

What is organizational structures Essay An organizational structure consists of activities such as task allocation, coordination and supervision, which are directed towards the achievement of organizational aims. It can also be considered as the viewing glass or perspective through which individuals see their organization and its environment. Organizations are a variant of clustered entities. An organization can be structured in many different ways, depending on their objectives. The structure of an organization will determine the modes in which it operates and performs. Organizational structure allows the expressed allocation of responsibilities for different functions and processes to different entities such as the branch, department, workgroup and individual. Organizational structure affects organizational action in two big ways. First, it provides the foundation on which standard operating procedures and routines rest. Second, it determines which individuals get to participate in which decision-making processes, and thus to what extent their views shape the organization’s actions. Example:- INTRODUCTION TO ICICI BANK ICICI Bank is Indias second-largest bank with total assets of about Rs.1,67,659 crore at March 31, 2005 and profit after tax of Rs. 2,005 crore for the year ended March 31, 2005 (Rs. 1,637 crore in fiscal 2004). ICICI Bank has a network of about 560 branches and extension counters and over 1,900 ATMs. ICICI Bank offers a wide range of banking products and financial services to corporate and retail customers through a variety of delivery channels and through its specialized subsidiaries and affiliates in the areas of investment banking, life and non-life insurance, venture capital and asset management. ICICI Bank set up its international banking group in fiscal 2002 to cater to the cross border needs of clients and leverage on its domestic banking strengths to offer products internationally. ICICI Bank currently has subsidiaries in the United Kingdom and Canada, branches in Singapore and Bahrain and representative offices in the United States, China, United Arab Emirates, Bangladesh and South Africa. ICICI Banks equity shares are listed in India on the Stock Exchange, Mumbai and the National Stock Exchange of India Limited and its American Depositary Receipts (ADRs) are listed on the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE). As required by the stock exchanges, ICICI Bank has formulated a Code of Business Conduct and Ethics for its directors and employees. At April 4, 2005, ICICI Bank, with free float market capitalization of about Rs. 308.00 billion (US$ 7.00 billion) ranked third amongst all the companies listed on the Indian stock exchanges. ICICI Bank was originally promoted in 1994 by ICICI Limited, an Indian financial institution, and was its wholly-owned subsidiary. ICICIs shareholding in ICICI Bank was reduced to 46% through a public offering of shares in India in fiscal 1998, an equity offering in the form of ADRs listed on the NYSE in fiscal 2000, ICICI Banks acquisition of Bank of Madura Limited in an all-stock amalgamation in fiscal 2001, and secondary market sales by ICICI to institutional investors in fiscal 2001 and fiscal 2002. ICICI was formed in 1955 at the initiative of the World Bank, the Government of India and representatives of Indian industry. The principal objective was to create a development financial institution for providing medium-term and long-term project financing to Indian businesses. In the 1990s, ICICI transformed its business from a development financial institution offering only project finance to a diversified financial services group offering a wide variety of products and services, both directly and through a number of subsidiaries and affiliates like ICICI Bank. In 1999, ICICI become the first Indian company and the first bank or financial institution from non-Japan Asia to be listed on the NYSE. After consideration of various corporate structuring alternatives in the context of the emerging competitive scenario in the Indian banking industry, and the move towards universal banking, the managements of ICICI and ICICI Bank formed the view that the merger of ICICI with ICICI Bank would be the optimal strategic alternative for both entities, and would create the optimal legal structure for the ICICI groups universal banking strategy. The merger would enhance value for ICICI shareholders through the merged entitys access to low-cost deposits, greater opportunities for earning fee-based income and the ability to participate in the payments system and provide transaction-banking services. The merger would enhance value for ICICI Bank shareholders through a large capital base and scale of operations, seamless access to ICICIs strong corporate relationships built up over five decades, entry into new business segments, higher market share in various business segments, particularly fee-based services, and access to the vast talent pool of ICICI and its subsidiaries. In October 2001, the Boards of Directors of ICICI and ICICI Bank approved the merger of ICICI and two of its wholly-owned retail finance subsidiaries, ICICI Personal Financial Services Limited and ICICI Capital Services Limited, with ICICI Bank. The merger was approved by shareholders of ICICI and ICICI Bank in January 2002, by the High Court of Gujarat at Ahmedabad in March 2002, and by the High Court of Judicature at Mumbai and the Reserve Bank of India in April 2002. Consequent to the merger, the ICICI groups financing and banking operations, both wholesale and retail, have been integrated in a single entity. Figure.1 Microsoft Corporation Microsoft Corporation is an American multinational software corporation headquartered in Redmond, Washington that develops, manufactures, licenses, and supports a wide range of products and services related to computing. The company was founded by Bill Gates and Paul Allen on April 4, 1975. Microsoft is the worlds largest software maker measured by revenues. It is also one of the worlds most valuable companies. Microsoft was established to  develop and sell BASIC interpreters for the Altair 8800. It rose to dominate the personal computer operating system market with MS-DOS in the mid-1980s, followed by the Microsoft Windows line of operating systems. The companys 1986 initial public offering, and subsequent rise in its share price, created an estimated three billionaires and 12,000 millionaires from Microsoft employees. Since the 1990s, it has increasingly diversified from the operating system market and has made a number of corporate acquisitions. In May 2011, Microsoft acquired Skype Technologies for $8.5 billion in its largest acquisition to date. As of 2013, Microsoft is market dominant in both the PC operating system and office suite markets (the latter with Microsoft Office). The company also produces a wide range of other software for desktops and servers, and is active in areas including internet search (with Bing), the video game industry (with the Xbox and Xbox 360 consoles, and the upcoming Xbox One console), the digital services market (through MSN), and mobile phones (via the Windows Phone OS). In June 2012, Microsoft announced that it would be entering the PC vendor market for the first time, with the launch of the Microsoft Surface tablet computer. In the 1990s, critics began to contend that Microsoft used monopolisticbusiness practices and anti-competitive strategies including refusal to deal and tying, put unreasonable restrictions in the use of its software, and used misrepresentative marketing tactics; both the U.S. Department of Justice and European Commission found the company in violation of antitrust laws. On August 20, 2013, Microsoft announced that its CEO, Steve Ballmer, will retire from the company after a successor is chosen. Microsoft Organizational structure The following is a sample of the Microsoft Executive Organization Chart published by Directions on Microsoft, an independent research firm focused exclusively on Microsoft strategy technology. More samples of our content, as well as a list of upcoming articles and reports are also available. Planning and organization are crucial for an organization to achieve maximum effectiveness and success. Microsoft Company, for instance, has an organizational structure consisting of board of directors who include Steve Ballmer as chief executive officer (CEO), senior leaders, executives, and technical leaders. Founded in 1975, Microsoft has grown today into a worldwide leader in software and services (Microsoft, 2009). The organizational structure of Microsoft proves to be efficient and effective. A comparison to other organizations demonstrates the importance of an organizational structure and shows commonalities as well as differences in structure. A further analysis of Microsoft Company explains the impact of organizational functions to the organizational structure. Lastly, the organizational design of Microsoft exhibits the best structure to meet the organizations needs. The organizational structure for Microsoft’s management, functions, and design all play a key role in the success of Microsoft. The organizational function of any company starts with the employees. Employees are grouped based on knowledge and experience into departments such as marketing, finance, human resources, operations, etc†¦ and is referred to as departmentalization. â€Å"Organization structure is comprised of functions, relationships, responsibilities, authorities, and communications of individuals within each department (Sexton, 1970, p. 23) and is depicted in an organizational chart. An organizational chart identifies the business functions and reporting order.

Character Analysis of Eveline from James Joyces Dubliners :: Dubliners Essays

Eveline:   Character Analysis  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Bibliography w/3 sources  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   â€Å"There is no more miserable human being than one in whom nothing is habitual but indecision (James).† Originally appearing in Dubliners, a compilation of vignettes by James Joyce, his short story Eveline is the tale of such an unfortunate individual. Anxious, timid, scared, perhaps even terrified -- all these describe Eveline. She is a frightened, indecisive young woman poised between her past and her future.   Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚   Eveline loves her father but is fearful of him. She tries to hold onto good memories of her father, thinking â€Å"sometimes he could be very nice (Joyce 5),† but has seen what her father has done to her siblings when he would â€Å"hunt them in out of the field with his blackthorn stick (Joyce 4).† As of late she has begun to feel â€Å"herself in danger of her father’s violence (Joyce 4).† Ironically, her father has â€Å"begun to threaten her and say what he’d do to her only for her dead mother’s sake (Joyce 5).†   Ã‚  Ã‚   Eveline wants a new life but is afraid to let go of her past. She dreams of a place where â€Å"people would treat her with respect (Joyce 4)† and when contemplating her future, hopes â€Å"to explore a new life with Frank (Joyce 5).† When, in a moment of terror she realizes that â€Å"she must escape (Joyce 6),† it seems to steel her determination to make a new home for herself elsewhere. On the other hand, she is comfortable with the â€Å"familiar objects from which she had never dreamed of being divided (Joyce 4).† She rationalizes that: â€Å"In her home anyway she had shelter and food; she had those whom she had known all her life about her (Joyce 4).† As she reflects on her past she discovers â€Å"now that she was about to leave it she did not find it a wholly undesirable life (Joyce 5).†   Ã‚  Ã‚   Eveline wants to keep the deathbed pledge made to her mother but is alarmed at the prospect of sharing her mother’s fate. Her mother was ill-treated in life and Eveline vows that â€Å"she would not be treated as her mother had been (Joyce 4).† She has had a life filled with hardship and chafes under â€Å"her promise to keep the home together as long as she could (Joyce 6).† When she recalls â€Å"the pitiful vision of her mother’s life (Joyce 6)† she is uncertain of what to do and prays â€Å"to god to direct her, to show her what was her duty (Joyce 6).

Conducting Personal Business on Company Time Essay

Because employees tend to spend so much of their weekday hours on the job, they often are tempted to conduct personal business on company time. This can include setting up doctor’s appointments on company phone lines, making vacation reservations using their employer’s computers and Internet connections or even making phone calls for a freelance side business while on company time. At first glance, this ethical dilemma is fairly clear: It is an abuse of your employer to conduct personal business on company time. But there are shades of gray here. What if your spouse calls to tell you that your children are ill? Is it OK for you to schedule a doctor’s appointment? A good rule of thumb is for an employee to check with his manager or human resources supervisors to clarify what counts as an actionable offense in the company. Taking Credit for Others’ Work Employees often work in teams to create marketing campaigns, develop new products or fine-tune services, yet rarely does everyone in a group contribute equally to the final product. If three members of a five-person team did all the work, do those three members demand to receive proper credit while pointing out that two members of the team did not pull their weight? This is a thorny question. If employees single out their co-workers in a negative light, it could foment resentment. The same thing could happen, however, if all employees accept equal praise even though only a select few did the real work. The best way to resolve this ethical dilemma is to not let it happen. Team members should insist that all employees perform specific tasks to help complete a project. Harassing Behavior Employees often don’t know what to do if they see one of their co-workers harassing another employee, either mentally, sexually or physically. Employees may worry for their jobs if they attempt to report a superior for harassment. They may fret that they’ll be labeled a troublemaker if they report co-workers who display inappropriate behavior toward other employees. The best way to resolve this ethical dilemma rests with the staff members who develop the company’s employee handbook. It is their job to include specific language that spells out that employees won’t be punished for reporting the harassing behavior or inappropriate actions of their co-workers.

Fox and Coyote and Whale

Native American traditional stories, folktales, are stories passed down from generation to generation by story telling and performance. Native Americans emphasized the importance of living in harmony with the naturual world. They had complex religious beliefs, sophisticated poltical systems, and strong morals. Some of the stories are creation myths, tales of heroes, and tricksters. Trickster tales are stories that have animals or human characters who engage in deceit, violence, or magic. Often trickster tales are said to explain why the world is the way it is.â€Å"Coyote and the Buffalo† and â€Å"Fox and Coyote and Whale† are two trickster tales, retold by Mourning Dove, explaining how Coyote's action created changes in the world. In theses two trickster tales, Coyote, the main character shares some similarities in morals, character, and transformation . Yet there exsists differences in how these traits are presented. One similarity between these two trickster tales i s that they both have purposes to teach morals. The moral teaching in â€Å"Coyote and the Buffalo† is to not be greedy.An example would be when Coyote killed the cow for more food because he was tired of eating only the fat. As a result he gets the remains of the cow stolen and is left with nothing. In â€Å"Fox and Coyote and Whale†, one of the morals is not to steal someone's wife.Whale steals Fox's wife and takes her to his lodge which leads Coyote and Fox's wife. Whale ends up getting his head chopped off and thrown into the ocean. They both teach morals, just in different ways. One difference that these two trickster tale have is Coyote's character trait. For example, in â€Å"Coyote and the Buffalo†, Coyote is portrayed as numbskull.Actions like kicking the Buffalo Bull's skull out of revenge, killing the cow Buffalo Bull gave him thinking Buffalo Bull will never know, and trusting a stranger with the little food he had left to take a nap, all make Coyote a numbskull. In â€Å"Fox and Coyote and Whale†, Coyote is smart and thoughtful.When Coyote helps Fox outsmart the water maidens, into telling them where Fox's wife was located, they go on a journey to recapture Fox's wife from Whale. Even tho Coyote in one tale contrasts Coyote's character from the other they both did well people. Coyote from â€Å"Coyote and the Buffalo†, got out of dieing by offering Buffalo Bull new horns.Buffalo accepted, so it was a win-win situaton for Coyote. In the other tale, Coyote helped find Coyote's wife by decieving the water maidens, and getting information before killing them. This helped regain Fox's wife's love.The coyote in these tales had diiferent mentalities from one another, one being an idiot and one being smart. Another similarity that theses tales have is that they both explain why the world is how it is. For example, in â€Å"Coyote and the Buffalo†, when Coyote gives Buffalo Bull new horns, they become the horns tha t all buffalos would have from that point on.Also, when Coyote kills the cow that was given to him by Buffalo as food he decides to go back to Buffalo to ask for another one but the cow that Coyote killed returned from the dead and refused to go with coyote again and Buffalo denies him another one.This explains why there are no buffalo in the Kettle Falls on the Columbia Rive, all because of Coyote. In â€Å"Fox and Coyote and Whale†, Fox and Coyote go after Fox's wife who was taken by Whale. After Fox and Coyote rescue her, Fox's cuts off Whale's head and tosses it into the ocean.This is why there are no whales in the rivers, and Whale could no longer make love to the wives of other men. This trickster tale also explains why Land people and Water people don't like each other. Coyote plays a role in how everything changed and how everything transformed.From reading both trickster tales, I learned that by decieving people you can get things out of them. These tales defenitely taught many moral, such as respect the dead, don't take what you have for grante, the importance of familiy and fidelity, ect. It gave a background on how the world transformed.

Celebrity Culture Essay Essay Example

Celebrity Culture Essay Essay Example Celebrity Culture Essay Essay Celebrity Culture Essay Essay Celebrity civilization is recognized today as the popularisation of certain persons that have features which may or may non be reliable. but society positions as exceeding. Today’s stars do non truly necessitate to hold an admirable endowment or virtuousness to be known throughout the universe. These graven images are now able to derive world-wide coverage through common famous person magazines and recognized telecasting shows due to self-promotion or unethical behavior. The famous person civilization ever has and ever will hold an impact and influence on society. Celebrities are invariably in the media and have become function theoretical accounts for striplings and adolescents. The adolescent heads in the current coevals is going more deviated from visualizing the universe as a whole and is more focussed on their ain â€Å"bubbles† where anything in that bubble must straight associate and impact them. The most noticeable impact is on their positions towards beauty. se xualisation or sexual development. and wellness. Beauty. in a typical adolescent vocabulary. has been narrowly transformed into a immature. symmetrical. skin-and-bone. tanned adult female or adult male laping back and forth their gorgeous hair and smiling their perfect dentitions. Commercials having these famous persons give an feeling of â€Å"if you want life and happiness† be like me and purchase these merchandises. Teenss are misconstruing that they are more than the amount of their ownerships and wages. more than the amount of their visual aspect and image. and more than the amount of their accomplishments and failures because of what they are seeing and everyone else is seeing through the media. More and more of adolescents are being affected by the sexualisation of misss harmonizing to mental wellness experts. A research on analysing the effects of virtually every signifier of media from music wordss to video games showed an consequence that immature misss are yielding to the force per unit area of sexualisation by posting bare images of themselves on the cyberspace or leting fellows to take bare exposures of them. Furthermore. insouciant famous person sex appears to be the norm amongst the young person. As a consequence of an over-sexed society. immature misss can be found with self-image and emotional jobs like anxiousness and shame. and deficiency of assurance in and comfort with her ain organic structure. Sexualisation of misss has negative effects on girls’ ability to develop a healthy sexual self-image. research suggests. Celebrities do non merely have a negative impact on the personalities and expressions of fans. but besides in their wellness. There have been instances where celebrity has been used positively and to direct out a good message but there have been other cases in which famous persons have put out a bad image. For illustration. the entreaty of drug and intoxicant maltreatment has increased and so have images of drunk famous persons in magazines and telecasting. Celebrities have glamorized smoke in the media and are puting an illustration for people everyplace that it is acceptable to smoke. Stars should do it an aspiration to forbear from utilizing drugs and imbibing inordinate sums of spirits because it sends a message to protagonists that a life of drugs and intoxicant is a satisfactory manner to populate. Celebrities need to alter the manner they act and how they are viewed. Their actions have more of an consequence on us so many people believe they have. Thin. compulsive famous persons are altering the manner many immature adolescents think and act. Celebrities need to alter these unpleasant wonts now and recognize that they need to be more concerned with themselves and with their portraiture in the media. Unfortunately. the power of who becomes celebrated and what images are presented is wholly in the custodies of the media.

5 Tips for Writing an Executive Summary

5 Tips for Writing an Executive Summary 5 Tips for Writing an Executive Summary Whenever you write an in-depth business document, you should include an executive summary. This, as the name suggests, is a brief summary of the report itself. But how exactly do you write one? Check out our tips on writing an executive summary below to find out. 1. What to Include in an Executive Summary The exact format of an executive summary will depend on what you are summarizing. However, as a general guideline, try to include: A brief explanation of the subject matter and why it is important The results or findings of the report (plus methods used if applicable) Any conclusions that can be drawn from the findings Any recommendations or proposals for what to do next Keep in mind that the executive summary needs to make sense by itself, as you cannot assume that the reader will find time to read the full report. 2. Know Who You’re Writing For Given the space available in an executive summary, it can help to tailor your writing to the person who will be reading it. Before you begin, then, ask yourself a few questions: Who will be reading this? What do they already know about the issue? Are you simply summarizing an issue or are you recommending an action? How did you gather the information? Were your methods limited at all? What are the key details you need people to take away from the summary? These questions will help you narrow down what to include in the summary. If you are writing a report that many people will read, or you do not know who will read the summary yet, think about what the average person in your industry would need to know. 3. Keep It Short! The key word in â€Å"executive summary† is â€Å"summary.† As such, try to make yours as clear and concise as possible. Think about it as being like the written version of an elevator pitch. The idea is to communicate the vital details and, ideally, to convince the reader to read the full report. As such, make sure that your summary is no more than 10% as long as the overall report. 4. Format for Skim Reading If possible, include charts, graphs, or bullet points in the summary. These can highlight key details so that skim readers do not miss anything important. It also helps to break up the summary into sections with clear headings, which will help readers find information at a glance. 5. Avoid Unnecessary Jargon When you’re trying to make your point clearly and concisely, industry jargon will get in the way. This isn’t to say that you can’t use technical language when necessary. But, whenever possible, try to express your ideas in simple terms (the complicated stuff can go in the full report). Summary: 5 Tips for Writing an Executive Summary If you are writing an executive summary for a business report, keep the following in mind: Make sure your executive summary makes sense by itself, and that it includes all of the key details you need your reader to take away. Think about who will read the summary and tailor it accordingly. Make sure it is no more than 10% as long as the overall report. Use formatting, bullet points, and section headings to boost readability. Keep the language used simple and avoid jargon wherever possible. Finally, make sure to get it proofread before you finish. That way, you can be 100% sure it is typo free and ready to use!

Nursing Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Nursing - Research Paper Example Insanity, craziness or madness is a pattern of behaviors which makes people a danger to themselves and others. â€Å"Dorothea Dix played an instrumental role in the founding or expansion of more than 30 hospitals for the treatment of the mentally ill† (I Tell What I Have Seen—The Reports of Asylum Reformer Dorothea Dix, p.624). This paper briefly analyses the history of Dorothea Lynde Dix and her contributions to the society as a social reformer and a dedicated nurse. Dorothea Linde Dix was born on April 4, 1802 in Hampden, Maine. Today the land where Dix’s house stood is called the Dorothea Dix Park (Colman, p.12). When Dorothea was born, Thomas Jefferson was American president and only 16 states were there in America. Maine was not a state at that time. She was grown up first in Worcester, Massachusetts, and then went to Boston at the age of twelve, in order to stay with wealthy grandmother. The major purpose of her journey towards Boston was to escape from her alcoholic and abusive father. Joseph Dix was her father and Mary Bigelow was her mother. The Dix family had two other children also, born after Dorothea. Dorothea’s social activities started at the age of 19. ... She published a small book of facts for schoolteachers during this period which became extremely popular. â€Å"By the time of the Civil War, Conversations on Common Things; or, Guide to Knowledge: With Questions had been reprinted 60 times† (I Tell What I Have Seen—The Reports of Asylum Reformer Dorothea Dix, p.624). This book was written as a conversation between a mother and daughter and she tried to criticize the discrimination in giving education to men and women. Dix failed to get proper education because of the social discrimination existed during her period with respect to the education of the men and women. Only the male community got better education during her period. She has restarted her educational activities in 1831 and opened another model school for the girls. However, she could not continue her activities because of the failure of her health again. She suffered a mental illness during this period and her ill health ended her teaching career which motiv ated her to look for other options of social activities. She went to England in 1836 for better treatment and this journey has shaped her career as a dedicated social reformer. â€Å"Dorothea’s growth and development from a teacher of young ladies to the Samaritan of the mentally afflicted is a fascinating story†(Dorothea Dix, Forgotten Samaritan, p.1441). In England, she got company of a family (William Rathbone family) which engaged in political and social reformation process. Moreover, â€Å"she met prison reformer Elizabeth Fry, and Samuel Tuke, founder of the York Retreat for the mentally ill during this period. (I Tell What I Have Seen—The Reports of Asylum Reformer Dorothea Dix, p.624). Her grandmother’s death

Stocks Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Stocks - Essay Example (Maunder 3rd Ed).However Common Shareholders are entitled to rights of pre-emption in the event of the company decision of offering more stock. Preferred Stock:Preferred Stock pertains to the philosophy of "hybrid security", that is where there is a payment of a fixed dividend to its owners and this dividend does not fluctuate(it does not have to be paid this dividend if. Preferred stock can be either Cumulative( that is giving its owners the right to accumulate dividend payments missed before),Non-Cumulative (where no payment is made available for skipped dividends),Participating(stock with a higher rate of dividend) and Convertible(to shares). Trading in stocks is carried out at the stock exchange, by individual investors and hedge fund traders. However trading in stocks is no longer limited to the interaction at the Stock Exchange and stocks are also auctioned at the open stock exchange through "Open Outcry" and share purchases can also be made online.An example of the physical/conventional stock exchange model is New York Stock Exchange which is a listed exchange. How are stocks traded on a listed exchange Orders for the purchase of stock are entered through the exchange members and go on to the specialists Once a purchase has been made the specialist will close the difference taking into amount the time considerations. The details of the trade are recorded and sent back to the relevant brokerage firm.The modern day physical stock exchange is also highly computerised. An example of virtual listed exchange is NASDAQ which includes trading only over the computer and the traders will be matched through the computer system. Another example of an electronic stock exchange is the The Paris Bourse. Why are stocks and stock markets an integral part of the Economy Significant source of funding for large companies in a public way as stocks present a fairly liquid investment option unlike investment in property etc. Rising stock prices indicate a booming economy and good business investment. Stock prices are on the top agenda of financial regulators like the state/central bank as any unusual variation in these prices will adversely affect the health of the economy. Therefore the smooth exchange of stocks and shares facilitates entrepreneurial success and long term success in an economy. Currently there is an increased trend of investing in stocks rather than government based securities like bonds etc in the developed economic systems like

Starting a small business Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Starting a small business - Essay Example Small businesses are of advantage because they can be started on a very low cost and investment and also on a part time basis. These businesses are mostly popular in all the countries but they exceed in number in developing countries. There are many organizations which offer help while developing and starting a new business in the market. Internet businesses can very well be termed as small businesses and can be established easily because of their nature. When starting a small business, one of the major important decisions one has to take is the selection of the location. This is one of the riskiest decisions an individual takes while starting the business. Usually the trend has been observed that people prefer to install their businesses in the area of their hometown. This place is closer to their family and friends. There are many reasons for this choice. The first or the foremost is the personal reason according to which people usually don't want to leave their hometown and develop a business away from their families when they can happily to do in their own vicinity closer to people they love and care about. While taking such a crucial step in life, one needs their family the most (Perri, 2006).

Swu Balay Alumni Management System Essay Example for Free

Swu Balay Alumni Management System Essay The hospitality industry is one that is primarily focused on customer satisfaction. For the most part, it is built on leisure or is luxury-based, as opposed to meeting basic needs. Hotels and resorts, cruise lines, airlines and other various forms of travel, tourism, special event planning, and restaurants all generally fall under the realm of the hospitality industry. Exceptional service is usually very important for all of these businesses. Customer satisfaction usually leads to consumer loyalty, which helps to ensure the success of a company in the hospitality industry. A hotel is an establishment that provides paid lodging on a short-term basis. The provision of basic accommodation, in times past, consisting only of a room with a bed, a cupboard, a small table and a washstand has largely been replaced by rooms with modern facilities, including en-suite bathrooms and air conditioning or climate control. The cost and quality of hotels are usually indicative of the range and type of services available. Front-of-the-House operations are known so because these operations take place in front of the guests. Thus, these operations are related either to direct interaction with the guest or they are being conducted in front of the guest. The front office activities start from the time a guest calls or sends in a request for reservation/ accommodation. Staff of the front office department starts interacting with guest by taking in, guest information and reservation request, leading to confirmation of reservation and finally to the handling of guest on arrival and guest check-in. Check-in activity is a must for both, a guest with reservation or a walk-in-guest, i.e., one is without prior reservation. Due to the enormous increase in tourismworldwide during the last decades of the 20th century, standards, especially those of smaller establishments, have improved considerably. Hotels are independently assessed in traditional systems and these rely heavily on the facilities provided. Today, most of the Hotels provide goods and services using computer system. It helps to perform task in an easy way with less time consumed. Some companies are become fully automated while others strive for the similar setting. Computer programmers develop things like computer system that the rest of us could use. The computer programmers tell the users what to do. They make programs that users can easily used or understand. The advent of new technology gave rise to easy and hassle free interaction between and among humans. Whether it is in business, science or whatever task a person takes on the quality and speed of carrying it out are enhanced with automation at the core of this efficient today, many systems have used an automation process like using computer system, due to the efficient and accuracy. â€Å"Hotel Front Desk System† is a transaction processing and management system. In this system there are more advantages rather than a manual way of doing the task. Interaction and individual stimulation have always been linked to the technological availability of the time and place. With the transition to an information-based society, computers and transactions have evolved from manual transaction. One of the solutions or alternatives to the problems that a hotel is facing, a system was being developed which can edit, delete, filter, monitor and store and secured the records of the customers. Indeed, Information Technology provides Hospitality solutions in delivering sophisticated services that differentiate the company from competitors and create a personalized experience for each guest. This comprehensive suite of solutions helps hotel owners and operators to achieve customer satisfaction. With this, the researchers believe that for a rising business like the SWU BALAY ALUMNI, which will soon provide accommodation business to cater the school’s stakeholders and community needs to have a good front desk system that will help run the operation easier in terms of accommodation process involving its clients and guests. The researchers want to know the reasons of hotel in using manual reservation and conduct a study towards the topic because they notice some of the hotel still use manual reservation. The study will emphasize the effects of using manual reservation and how a computerized reservation will be substituted, which can be later on applied to that of the proposed SWU BALAY ALUMNI. Therefore, the researchers purported to find out how to increase the number of customer using computerized reservation. Front Desk system is a transaction processing system that solves the problem encountered during the manual Hotel Reservations and transactions. The computerized Front Desk System aims to simplify the manual Hotel Reservation fastest and accurate. The system match staff schedules to optimal service levels, control costs, and rapidly adapt to changing conditions. Accuracy and efficiency can never be a question, since in both the operators and customers, time is important, with this integration fast and reliable service is optimized. It also allows your managers to spend less time on administrative tasks and more time taking care of guests and solving other issues on the property. Other than that, these solutions can ensure your staff and operations are running at peak performance. Youll be able to identify sales trends, product and inventory costs, compare similar locations, and evaluate performance against established budgets and targets thus, ensuring organization within the company operations. Furthermore, added feature that promotes great customer experience like seasonal discounts and privileges offered to loyal or lucky patrons. The system once implemented it will solve the most common problems that the Hotel Reservation encounter. In the hospitality industry, labor is one of the largest expense items. This kind of management system that is fast, efficient, and user-friendly, cuts of the burden of too much labor and expense of manual work. With the skills and knowledge of the Researchers the possibility of establishing this system is vivid. Definitely, SWU BALAY ALUMNI needs this system in order for the business to grow and to be successful. Purpose and Description of the Study The purpose of the study is to be able to have efficient control and maintain organization in the flow and process of the following aspects of operations: * Reservation Hotel reservations are made in real time and immediately after booking. It will help to manage a collection of data in the hotel. Moreover, you can add, change, and cancel bookings. * Booking * Booking is the actual confirmation of payment one by a customer upon check in or accommodation of the room * Profiles Upon reservation and booking, must have a guest profile to attach it. Guest Profile contains main information about a Guest. Guest Profile has type of Individual, Company, Corporate, Travel Agent, or other Source of a Hotel Reservation and Booking. You can search, view, update or cancel a created reservation. If a reservation has been cancelled, then you can re-activate it if the Guest comes back. Reservation can be in Pending status such as putting in Waiting List if Room is not yet available. It can be taken off the Waiting List and accepted when Room becoming available. Many options can be applied to Reservation to tailor your needs. Profile in Hotel Management System listing the multiple addresses and phone number capability for each profile. It means that if any error happens during the transaction or key in data the system can read and detect with very fast. It’s to avoid the duplication while doing the transaction and the customer profile can be saving for long lasting. Other than that, with the profile, the management can see and sort out the special customer who has the membership or club number and tracking them. With this way, customer might be have the special rates and can get the privilege. For the unlimited credit card numbers, guest can use many types of credit card in the hotel to make a payment which this system giving various types to pay. This system also can give more advantage where they can see the outstanding history statistics for past and future stays. It’s to avoiding the fraud in falsifying data and loss. Customer have many advantage when they come to the hotel who has implemented the hotel reservation software because they no need to make a registration each time come to the hotel because the profile customer are save and have a protection and privacy. * Rate and Discounts Control Every hotel has their own rates to attract the customer to come to their hotel. This is the strategies to ensure the hotel always get the customer and to maintain their profit. In the Hotel Management System, the inventory control very useful because it can show to us the unlimited room classes and rooms types that the hotel has. This inventory can helps the management hotel to see their marketing also the performance in daily, weekly, monthly even yearly. These modules also can helps to arrange the rate plans by see the market price and see the rates in the multiple currencies. So that every customer or foreigner can search the hotel booking by see the currencies price. These modules also can keep change and negotiated rates by following the versatile tax calculations and chain cross sell capability with schedule. In the rooms and rate management and restrictions, the Hotel Management System can helps where they can manage the room with following the rate. If there have any restriction, that means the rooms was ordered or already reserved by the individual, group or others. So that, they cannot enter or reserve that rooms until the cancellation done. For more looks forward, this system giving the ability to open or close room types by rate, property, room class, etc. For those was booking the hotel, they no need to worried because this system has unlimited number of guarantee. To those had give the deposit before enter the rooms, they can get it back when they check out because the system save who pay for the deposit and if any cancellation, they must follow the policies to ensure the safety between hotel and customer. Besides that, the reservation system lets you set up rate structures for individual properties, groups of properties, or for chains. Multi-level rate and inventory controls make inventory management easier and increase profitability. Rates and room types can be automatically restricted based on percentage occupancy, minimum stay through, arrival date, and more. Agents can use the hotel reservation system to easily determine best available rates for any length of stay. To maximize property revenues, these hotel reservation computer systems also support interfacing to major yield management systems. * Administration The Hotel administrator is responsible for the reception of guest as well as internal communications of the hotel services. The post of administrator is related to the guest reception service or, as it has been recently called, front office service. * Reporting The reporting system provides a number of standard reports. System reports may be generated automatically and may be run daily, weekly, monthly, yearly or manually upon request. Reports include expected arrivals, reservation, property forecast, total booking activity, stay activity, monthly and daily booking activity summary. property detail, agent activity, automatic allotment release and delivery queue purge. * PMS Interface CRS offer Two-Way Interface that allows the CRS to communicate with and exchange information between the CRS central database and the Front Office PMS (Property Management System) at each property. The Two-Way Interface includes features that are allowed the CRS and PMS to work with the same information despite differing data structures and values. What interface to a web-based PMS offers: Control all reservations coming from different sources in a single control panel/extranet Property Management System helps you distribute your rooms optimally to different online channels you work with since with PMS you can easily check the resource of your reservations. You can easily analyze how much each sales channel contributes to your revenues and identify the most efficient channels. With Property Management System, hoteliers receive instant alerts containing information of your reservations: length of stay with check-in and check-out dates, number of guests, room type, price and rates, personal information of customers, billing and etc. Main advantage of a web-based PMS is its communication ability to CRS as well as to hotel website booking engine and other online sales channels. Objectives of the Study The study aims to create a Hotel Front Desk System for SWU BALAY ALUMNI. General Objective This study aims to solve the problems encountered and to change the manual reservation and hotel processes and transactions. Specific Objectives Specifically the proposed system will guide to do the following objectives: a) To create a computerized system that will manage the records of the following entities: * Guests * Staff * Rooms * Reports b) To create a computerized system that will manage tasks for Housekeeping. c) To create a computerized system that will provide substantial Sales Reports and Inventories. d) To create a computerized system that will manage and control on Room rates Scope and Limitations of the Study This study mainly focused on providing retailing business application using computerized system that enables businesses to track services and aims to provide accurate and reliable process on every transaction especially in a hotel front desk management. This study looked into a better impact of using technology today on how it affects our daily lives especially for being the customer. With this study, it can help our beneficiaries to know the differences of using manual system to a computerized generation today, prioritize is to prove and to give them the right information. Furthermore the proposed Front Desk Hotel Management System for SWU BALAY ALUMNI limits itself in the following aspects: Room Reservation, Room Bookings, Room Maintenance and Housekeeping, Staff and Customer Profiling, Administrative Control, Reporting, and Billing. However, this project is limited only in giving discounted rates for Southwestern Alumni and stakeholders. Furthermore, reservations can only be conducted in two ways either walk-in or via phone call. Thus, online reservation is not possible. The system is not capable of managing both payroll, laundry, restaurant, bar, gym and other facilities and amenities offered of the hotel..

Analysis of Toni Morrisons Beloved Essay -- Beloved Toni Morrison Lit

Analysis of Toni Morrison's Beloved Toni Morrison’s Pulitzer Prize winning book Beloved, is a historical novel that serves as a memorial for those who died during the perils of slavery. The novel serves as a voice that speaks for the silenced reality of slavery for both men and women. Morrison in this novel gives a voice to those who were denied one, in particular African American women. It is a novel that rediscovers the African American experience. The novel undermines the conventional idea of a story’s time scheme. Instead, Morrison combines the past and the present together. The book is set up as a circling of memories of the past, which continuously reoccur in the book. The past is embedded in the present, and the present has no foundation without the past. Morrison breaks up the time sequence using the visions of the past that arouse forgotten experiences and emotions. The visions of the various occurrences of slavery survive time and continue to haunt not only the characters directly involved, but also their loved ones. In Beloved, Morrison makes the past visible in the present by making it into a tangible place that can be revisited, where people can be seen and touched, and where images and pictures survive and are projected outward from the mind. Morrison transforms these projected images into events for the reader to experience. The reader becomes part of the tradition of passing on the memories of the past. Yet, in the last two pages of the novel, Morrison instructs her readers that Beloved is not a story to be passed on. (275) It is not a story about happiness or healing or the success of one woman’s escape from slavery. Rather, Morrison communicates these images through a maze of emotions to accentuate the pain and suffering left by the remains of slavery. It is the story and the experience that Morrison wishes for the reader to reme mber, and not the characters. The novel is based on real events, that have past and been forgotten. Yet Morrison is not telling a story about happiness or healing or the success of women escaped from slavery. Rather Morrison delivers the past experiences of enslaved African American women, a past which is often forgotten. In the novel, Morrison brings to life the events and the stories that become permanently imprinted on the reader’s conscious. Morrison communicates these images through a maze of emotions ... ...past that is not even theirs. Morrison brings forth a novel that opens the experience of slavery to the reader. She makes the reader see the hopelessness, horrors, and realities of slavery. The reader is forced to contemplate and only try to understand. Beloved stands not as a story, but as a memorial to the â€Å"sixty million or more† people that were victims of the bonds of slavery. This is a book that is not to be read, but instead experienced. It is through this novel itself, that the past lives on, and it is this power that makes Beloved stand out and succeed as being a memorial to those who suffered and died; those who would have been forgotten in the past. In essence, Beloved is not a story about slavery and its affect on the people involved, instead it is the experience. For Morrison, history is something to be reflected on, and she does this by reenacting the horrors of slavery and the impacts it had on the people involved. The reader is left to come to their own conclusions, and their own interpretations. What Morrison is essentially saying at the end is that Beloved is not just about individuals and individual experiences but about the experience of a race and a community. Analysis of Toni Morrison's Beloved Essay -- Beloved Toni Morrison Lit Analysis of Toni Morrison's Beloved Toni Morrison’s Pulitzer Prize winning book Beloved, is a historical novel that serves as a memorial for those who died during the perils of slavery. The novel serves as a voice that speaks for the silenced reality of slavery for both men and women. Morrison in this novel gives a voice to those who were denied one, in particular African American women. It is a novel that rediscovers the African American experience. The novel undermines the conventional idea of a story’s time scheme. Instead, Morrison combines the past and the present together. The book is set up as a circling of memories of the past, which continuously reoccur in the book. The past is embedded in the present, and the present has no foundation without the past. Morrison breaks up the time sequence using the visions of the past that arouse forgotten experiences and emotions. The visions of the various occurrences of slavery survive time and continue to haunt not only the characters directly involved, but also their loved ones. In Beloved, Morrison makes the past visible in the present by making it into a tangible place that can be revisited, where people can be seen and touched, and where images and pictures survive and are projected outward from the mind. Morrison transforms these projected images into events for the reader to experience. The reader becomes part of the tradition of passing on the memories of the past. Yet, in the last two pages of the novel, Morrison instructs her readers that Beloved is not a story to be passed on. (275) It is not a story about happiness or healing or the success of one woman’s escape from slavery. Rather, Morrison communicates these images through a maze of emotions to accentuate the pain and suffering left by the remains of slavery. It is the story and the experience that Morrison wishes for the reader to reme mber, and not the characters. The novel is based on real events, that have past and been forgotten. Yet Morrison is not telling a story about happiness or healing or the success of women escaped from slavery. Rather Morrison delivers the past experiences of enslaved African American women, a past which is often forgotten. In the novel, Morrison brings to life the events and the stories that become permanently imprinted on the reader’s conscious. Morrison communicates these images through a maze of emotions ... ...past that is not even theirs. Morrison brings forth a novel that opens the experience of slavery to the reader. She makes the reader see the hopelessness, horrors, and realities of slavery. The reader is forced to contemplate and only try to understand. Beloved stands not as a story, but as a memorial to the â€Å"sixty million or more† people that were victims of the bonds of slavery. This is a book that is not to be read, but instead experienced. It is through this novel itself, that the past lives on, and it is this power that makes Beloved stand out and succeed as being a memorial to those who suffered and died; those who would have been forgotten in the past. In essence, Beloved is not a story about slavery and its affect on the people involved, instead it is the experience. For Morrison, history is something to be reflected on, and she does this by reenacting the horrors of slavery and the impacts it had on the people involved. The reader is left to come to their own conclusions, and their own interpretations. What Morrison is essentially saying at the end is that Beloved is not just about individuals and individual experiences but about the experience of a race and a community.

Bad Medicine

The continuing rate of unemployment not only continues to cripple the economic standing of the nation but it also poses hard-hitting and greater effects to the people, most especially in their psychological and bodily wellness. This fact is evident on the rate of deaths unemployment has caused to a great number of people over the past years. Most victims of unemployment died due to heart attacks. Unemployment also pushes people to go over the edge and commit crimes, putting people to state prisons.Others lack the psychological capacity to handle the stresses and pains of unemployment leading to insanity and other mental illnesses. The result is the influx of people admitted to mental hospitals and the rising number of mortality caused by suicide. On the economic level, unemployment lowers tax revenue but at the same time heightens the nation’s expenditure due to the need to spend on social welfare programs for unemployed citizens. 2. What are the costs of inflation?The negativ e effects of inflation are less detrimental than the costs of unemployment. This scheme is due to the fact that the effects of inflation can be stabilized through the implementation of fitting policies or programs. Doing so would alleviate the consequences of inflation. To achieve this objective, there is a continuous monitoring for the ratio between the rate of fixed income and the rate of inflation. The government has already implemented a program called the Cost of Living Adjustment (COLA) to realize this end.Moreover, the cost of inflation has moved on to another level where it also takes great effects on housing. Banks do avoid the possible effects of inflation in the future by requiring people in the present to pay for an increased rate in mortgage. This leads to a decline in the number of people who buy lands and houses. Other costs of unemployment have proven to be insignificant and less damaging to the economy and the people. For instance, the shoe leather cost. 3. Who bear s the burden for each of these macroeconomic scourges?In any case, ongoing unemployment or inflation, the people of the nation suffer the most. The citizens, most especially feel and experience the demands of these macroeconomic scourges. For instance, in the relationship of inflation and unemployment, it was stated in the article that a flourishing economy tends to lower the rate of unemployment, as the business sector would look to employ a number of people due to the demands of the growing economy. When this happens, employees would look forward to salary increases and added benefits.If firms and business establishments do so, they would reclaim the finances they lost to the salary increases and added benefits by increasing the prices of commodities and services. In this scenario, it is evident that the people would bear this burden as they are forced to pay for their needs and for services alike on a higher cost and value. If, on the other hand, the economy slows down, there wou ld be a high unemployment rate. The prices of commodities and services would be on the parallel, but as mentioned above, unemployment would lead to higher crime rates, mental illnesses, and deaths.4. Which one do you fear the most? It is evident that both unemployment and inflation pushes down the standing of the people in society. They endure the effects of these macroeconomic circumstances that plague the nation. However, since the facts of the costs of inflation and unemployment are stated above, the one that I fear most is unemployment. Unemployment harms the people as opposed to inflation where it can still be stabilized by the government.

Leadership and Management Essay

Education is a very important institution due to the role it plays in transmitting social skills and knowledge required of any member of the society (Hofman, Gray & Daly, 2004). It is worth noting that the levels of development of a country’s education systems bears close correlation to the economic and social conditions that the said country will afford. It is therefore upon members of the society and the education system to ensure that members of the society achieve as much as possible from this system. High attainment in eduction is far much beneficial than low level education in the modern society due to the high level of educational attainment. A doctorate degree is currently what an undergraduate degree was in the 1990’s (Hofman, Gray & Daly, 2004). The level of educational attainment requires an individual to posses at least a masters degree to stand out among others. The need to stand above others and gain some advantage over them in the competitive job market is the main reason for my pursuance of a doctoral degree. In choosing educational leadership and management of higher institutions in Singapore the key consideration was my vocation. I have personally worked in the educational field in different capacity. Having served as an assistant head of international programs at Crestar institute, human resource management with a Christian association, lectured English at Kaplan city campus and being a full time consultant trainer at NTUC, my life has centred around management and higher institution of learning. Understanding the nature of higher education leadership and management in Singapore is therefore relevant to my career. Relevance of USQ Doctorate studies is about mastery and application of principles and theories studied in class. A doctorate graduate should be able to analyse and relate issues related to their area of specialisation by giving varied dimension. Doctorate graduates are expected to be above other levels not just in their approach to thinking but they must also display high levels of norms and values expected of the society (Mok, 2006). Mastery of principles that are relevant to the needs of the society, and the development of norms and values that are expected of the society are just but a few of the benefits expected of a USQ professional doctorate; it is thus clear that the program not only makes better specialists but also better members of the society by integrating the values of determination, team spirit and courage into the students. The role played by the education system just like any other social systems cannot be done by any other system. Propagation of social norms and development of skills that are relevant to the needs of the society are some of the objectives of the education system. Though the education systems is one of the oldest institution, the development of the higher educations sector in Singapore is a recent event. Singapore’s education system though quite organised as compared to its neighbours’ is faced with a number of challenges (Lee & Fredriksen, 2008). Most challenges in the education system can be traced to the management and leadership of the education system. Despite the education system being a social systems it still falls prey to the effects of partisan politic. The involvement of the central government on educational matter cannot be avoided since the education system is under the government’s care, however, the education system should be shielded from the negative effects of poor politics. Corruption lack of professional knowledge and nepotisms are some of the issue that affect the education systems at the low level. Researching on education management and leadership in higher education sector not only develops my research skills but also ensure awareness on issues that affect management and leadership of higher education sector and is therefore relevant to efficient delivery in future. Personal Capabilities Doctorate studies require good academic background and interest in the area of study. Determination defines me; level of education attainment and the nature of jobs that I have been involved in give me the experience and skills required to undertake a doctorate course. I am well versed in the management of the education system and problems faced by low level personnel like tutors and professors. My position places me in a situation where I can look at the issues from both the management and implementation level which is a capability that few have. My academic qualification is beyond question for I am a holder of a masters degree in education. I therefore possess the skills and qualification required of doctorate degree and there is no cause for worry on my abilities. Literature Review The education system thought critical to the development of the society is no stranger to controversy. Implementation of the education system goals has especially been under fire with some coming up with the view that the education system, just like any other social system is responsible for social reproduction (Kassem, Mufti & Robinson, 2006). The education systems is seen by such critics as a tool used by those in power to ensure they maintain their position while disregarding the needs of the less empowered. It is quite true that commercialisation of education has led to increase in levels of educational attainment. Increase in levels of educational attainment is characterised by increase in the cost of acquiring higher education. The costs of education at a level that is relevant to the development of technical skills required by the job market is high and borders exploitation (Kassem, Mufti & Robinson, 2006). Projection shows that the cost of education is likely to go up with increase in demand for education. This is blamed on commercialisation of education which has made it business like and therefore probe to the market forces of supply and demand the only differences being that the demand is always on a high. On the other hand, the commercialisation of education and strategies developed by the government and other stakeholders who are blamed for the problems facing education by social reproduction theorists is cited as the first step towards the development of the high education sector (Mok, 2006). Take China as an example, the reforms which included allowing privatisation of the higher education sector and formulation and implementation of cost sharing mechanism are cited as the key driving factors to the levels of development achieved (Mok, 2006).